12 REASONS EVERY ADULT SHOULD DO STRENGTH EXERCISE
During the past few years more and more studies have shown that sensible strength training produces many health and fitness benefits. Key researchers, such as Dr. William Evans and Dr. Ben Hurley, have provided a wealth of dat on the positive physiological resonses to basic programs of stength exercise. Based on presently available research, consider the following 12 reasons why every adult should perform regular strength exercise.
- AVOID MUSCLE LOSS - Adults who do not strength train lose
between 5 to 7 pounds of muscle every decade (Forbes 1976, Evans and
Reneberg 1992). Although endurance exercise improves our cardiovascular
fitness, it does not prevent the loss of muscle tissue. Only strength
exercise maintains our muscle mass and strength throughout our mid-live
years.
- AVOID METABOLIC RATE REDUCTION - Because muscle is very active
tissue, muscle loss is accompanied by a reduction in our resting metabolism.
Information from Keyes et al. (1973) and Evens and Rosenberg (1992)
indicates that the average adult experiences a 2% to 5% reduction
in metabolic rate every decade of life. Because regular strength exercise
prevents muscle loss it also prevents the accompanying decrease in
resting metabolic rate.
- INCREASE MUSCLE MASS - Because most adults
do not perform strength exercise, they need to first replace the muscle
tissue that has been lost through inactivity. Fortunately, research
(Westcott 1995) shows that a standard strength training program can
increase muscle mass by about 3 pounds over an 8 week training period.
This is the typical training response for men and women who do 25
minutes of strength exercise 3 days per week, and represents an excellent
return on a time investment. (MIT can beat this easily)
- INCREASE METABOLIC
RATE - Research reveals that adding 3 pounds of muscle increases our
resting metabolic rate by 7 percent, and our daily calorie requirements
by 15% (Campbell et al. 1994). At rest, a pound of muscle requires
about 60 calories per day for tissue maintenance, and during exercise
muscle energy utilization increases dramatically. Adults who replace
muscle through strength exercise use more calories all day long, thereby
reducing the likelihood of fat accumulation.
- REDUCE BODY FAT - Campbell
and his co-workers (1994) found that strength exercise produced 4
pounds of fat loss after 3 months of training, even though the subjects
were eating 15% more calories per day. That is, a basic strength training
program resulted in 3 pounds more lean weight, 4 pounds less fat weight,
and 370 more calories per day food intake.
- INCREASE BONE MINERAL DENSITY -
The effects of progressive resistance exercise are similar for muscle
tissue and bone tissue. The same training stimulus that increases
muscle myoproteins also increases bone osteoproteins and mineral content.
Menkes (1993) has demonstrated significant increases in the bone mineral
density of the upper femur after 4 months of strength exercise.
- IMPROVE
GLUCOSE METABOLISM - Hurley (1994) reported a 23 percent increase
in glucose uptake after 4 months of strength training. Because poor
glucose metabolism is associated with adult onset diabetes, improved
glucose metabolism is an important benefit of regular strength exercise.
- SHORTEN GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT TIME - A study be Koffler (1992)
showed a 56% percent reduction in gastrointestinal transit time after
3 months of strength training. This is a significant finding due to
the fact that delayed gastrointestinal transit time is related to
a higher risk of colon cancer.
- REDUCE RESTING BLOOD PRESSURE - Strength
training alone has been shown to significantly reduce resting blood
pressure (Harris and Holly 1987). Another study (Westcott 1995) has
revealed that strength plus aerobic exercise is also effective for
improving blood pressure readings. After 2 months of combined exercise,
the program participants dropped their systolic blood pressure by
5mm Hg and their diastolic blood pressure by 3mm Hg.
- IMPROVED BLOOD
LIPID LEVELS - Although the effects of strength training on blood
lipid levels needs further research, at least 2 studies (Stone et
al. 1988) have revealed improved blood lipid profiles after several
weeks of strength exercise. It is important to note that improvements
in blood lipid levels are similar for both endurance and strength
exercise (Hurley 1994
- REDUCE LOW BACK PAIN - Several years of research
on strength training and back pain conducted at the University of
Florida Medical School has shown that strong low-back muscles are
less likely to be injured low-back muscles. A recent study by Risch
(1993) found that low-back patients had significantly less back pain
after 10 weeks of specific strength exercise for the lumbar spine
muscles Because 80% of all Americans experience low back problems,
it is advisable for all adults to properly strengthen their low back
muscles
- REDUCE ARTHRITIC PAIN - According to a recent edition of the
Tufts University Diet and Nutrition Letter (1994), sensible strength
training eases the pain of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
This is good news, because most men and women who suffer from arthritis
pain need strength exercise to develop stronger muscles, bones, and
connective tissue.